Year(s) | Event(s) |
0796 | Westward Migration of Anishinabe | Formation of the Council of Three Fires |
~1441 | The Council of Three Fires Split into Separate Groups | Potwatomi Migrate South to Lower Michigan |
1634 | First Recorded Encounter with Europeans |
1640 - 1701 | Beaver Wars (French and Iroquois Wars) Force Relocation to Door County, Wisconsin |
1687 | Great Lakes Algonquin and French Drive Iroquois Back to New York | Potawatomi Migration Back to Michigan |
~1712 | Bands of Potawatomi Settle at Fort Pontchartrain on Detroit River |
1763 | Detroit Potawatomi Leave Detroit and Migrate South and West |
1765 | Detroit Potawatomi Establish Village on Huron River | Become Known as Potawatomi of the Huron |
1774 | Potawatomi of the Huron Establish Another Village on the Salt Fork of the River Raisin | Village Called “Naudewine Sippy” or “Waudagon Sippy” (variants of “Nottawasepi) | They Also Set Up Villages on the Grand River Near Modern Day Eaton Rapids |
1795 | Treaty of Greenville | First Recognition as Sovereign Entity |
1807 | Treaty of Detroit | Eight Million Acres Ceded to U.S. Government for 1.2 Cents per Acre |
1821 | Treaty of Chicago | Nottawaseppi Reservation Established |
1827 | Treaty of St. Joseph | Nottawaseppi Reservation Enlarged |
1830 | The Indian Removal Act |
1833 | Treaty of Chicago | Nottawaseppi Reservation Extinguished |
1838 | Potawatomi "Trail of Death" | Neighboring Non-Pokagon Potawatomi Forced to Relocate to Kansas |
1839 | John Moguago Becomes Chief |
1840 | Huron Potawatomi Forced to Relocate to Kansas |
1842 | Huron Potawatomi Return to the Nottawasippe Prairie |
1845 | Purchase of Pine Creek Reservation (June 10th, 1845) |
1845 - 1850 | Methodist Missionary Activity | Impact on the Pine Creek Settlement |
1863 - 1864 | Death of Chief John Moguago | Phineas Pamptopee Becomes Chief |
1889 | Annuity Commutation | Establishment of East Indiantown |
1900 | Population at the Pine Creek Reservation Begins to Increase (Through 1930) Gradually |
1904 | Creation of Taggart Roll |
1904 - 1918 | Decline of East Indiantown |
1914 | Stephen Pamptopee Becomes Chief |
1923 | Rise of New Indiantown |
1926 | Samuel Mandoka Becomes Chief |
1929 - 1939 | Great Depression Begins | Many Residents Move Away from Pine Creek Reservation |
1934 | Death of Last Traditional Chief (Samual Mandoka) |
1934 | Indian Reorganization Act Signed; Leader of the Pine Creek Reservation (also referred to as "Indiantown"), Austin Mandoka, Receives Correspondence Confirming Huron Potawatomi are Eligible for Benefits of Indian Reorganization |
1934 | Leadership by Committee Begins |
1939 | Federal Government Ends IRA Reorganization Efforts in Lower Michigan | First Denial of Federal Reaffirmation |
1939 - 1945 | World War 2 | Indiantown Population Doubles |
1950s | Pattern of Work Off the Pine Creek Reservation Grows |
1960s | Tribal Members Living on Pine Creek Reservation Dwindles |
1970 | Formation of Huron Potawatomi, Inc. | Development of Modern Political Organization |
1972 | Second Attempt at Federal Reaffirmation | Difficulties with BIA Begin |
1978 | Federal Acknowledgment Process Created in Federal Regulations | Huron Potawatomi One of the First Tribes to Seek Reaffirmation of Government-to-Government Relations/Tribal Status Under this Process |
1980s | Continued Difficulties with BIA for Federal Reaffirmation |
1995 | Federal Reaffirmation Achieved | A Major Turning Point in Tribal History |
1999 - 2018 | Improvements to the Pine Creek Reservation | Government Services Expand | New Land Purchased |
1999 | 155-Acres Purchased by Tribe |
2000 | Administration Building Constructed |
2004 | Road Construction Began |
2005 | First Group of Single Family, Energy Efficient Homes Constructed on Reservation |
2006 | Tribal Court Established |
2007 | 79 Acres Purchased in Emmet Township and Placed in Federal Trust | Home of FireKeepers Casino Hotel |
2008 | Pine Creek Reservation Placed into Federal Trust | 86-Acres Purchased Adjacent to Pine Creek Reservation |
2013 | LEED Certified Government Center Constructed | Department of Public Works Constructed | Health Care Center Expanded and LEED Certified |
2014 | New Athens Indian Church Constructed |
2015 | Community Center and Justice Center Renovated | Memorial Park Completed |
2009 | FireKeepers Casino Opens |
2011 | Waséyabek Development Company, LLC (WDC) Formed |
2012 | FireKeepers Hotel Opens |
2014 | First WDC Independent Board of Directors Seated |
2017 | Terrapin Properties, LLC (A Subsidiary of WDC) Purchases First and Second Income Properties |
2017 | Waséyabek Federal Services, LLC Formed |
Abbreviation / Acronym | Description |
BAR | Branch of Acknowledgment and Research, Bureau of Indian Affairs (Evaluator of the Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Potawatomi's Federal Reaffirmation Petition) |
BIA | Bureau of Indian Affairs |
COIA | Commissioner of Indian Affairs |
HPI | Huron Potawatomi, Inc. |
NHBP | Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Potawatomi |
WDC | Waséyabek Development Company, LLC |